Cardiac Catheterization (Coronary Angiography)

Coronary angiography is a precise examination of the coronary arteries, often used to identify and treat narrowed or blocked vessels due to plaque buildup. This is typically indicated in cases of angina pectoris or heart attacks.

Procedure
A catheter is introduced through an arterial blood vessel in the groin or arm and guided to the heart via the aorta. The catheter tip can be equipped with various tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, depending on the patient’s condition.

A contrast agent is injected through the catheter into the coronary arteries, making them visible on X-ray. The procedure can assess vessel narrowing and evaluate heart chamber and valve function.

Therapeutic Interventions

• Narrowed or blocked coronary arteries can be reopened using a balloon at the catheter tip (angioplasty).
• To maintain the vessel’s openness, a stent is often inserted.
• Medications are prescribed to prevent blood clot formation post-procedure.

Execution
The procedure is typically performed in hospitals by experienced specialists with continuous monitoring via ECG and X-rays to ensure safety and address complications promptly.